PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)

 

I, Cấu trúc câu bị động

* Câu chủ động (Active): S + V + O …

* Câu bị động (Passive): S + tobe + PP + O …

Ex:

- Active: Lan cleans the house every day.

- Passive: The house is cleaned by Lam every day.

II, Chuyển câu chủ động thành câu bị động

1, Quy tắc:

Khi chuyển câu từ chủ động sang bị động ta cần làm theo các bước sau:

- Xác định được S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.

- Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.

- Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau By trong câu bị động.

- Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành PP (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.

- Thêm “tobe” vào trước PP trong câu bị động (“Tobe” phải chia theo thì của V chính trong câu chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).

2, Lưu ý:

- Trong câu bị động “by + O” luôn đứng sau trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và đứng trước nó là trạng từ chỉ thời gian

- Trong câu bị động, nếu chỉ đối tượng không xác định ta có thể bỏ: By people, by us, by them, by someone, by him, by her...

- Nếu S của câu chủ động là: nobody, noone… khi chuyển sang bị động phải thành câu phủ định.

Ex: Nobody cleaned the room yesterday.

=> The room wasn’t cleaned yesterday.

- Nếu O trong câu bị động là sự vật, sự việc thì dùng “with” thay cho “by”.

Ex: The bird was shot with the gun.

→ The bird was shot by the hunter.

III, Câu bị động trong các thì

 

Tenses

Active

Passive

Simple Present

S + V + O

S + be + PP + by + O

Present Continuous

S + am/ is/ are + V-ing + O

S + am/ is/ are + being + PP + by + O

Present Perfect

S + has/ have + PP + O

S + has/ have + been + PP + by + O

Simple Past

S + V-ed + O

S + was/ were + PP + by + O

Past Continuous

S + was/ were + V-ing + O

S + was/ were + being + PP + by + O

Past Perfect

S + had + PP + O

S + had + been + PP + by + O

Simple Future

S + will/ shall + V + O

S + will + be + PP + by + O

Future Perfect

S + will/ shall + have + PP + O

S + will + have + been + PP + by + O

Be + going to

S + am/ is/ are + going to + V + O

S + am/ is/ are + going to + be + PP + by + O

Model Verbs

S + model verb + V + O

S + model verb + be + PP + by + O

 

IV, Một dạng câu bị động khác

Have/ Get smt done = Have/ Get smb do smt

( nhờ ai đó làm gì, mình không tự làm)


Ex:

- I have my hair cut. => I have a man cut my hair.

- I get my clothes made. => I get a woman made my clothes.

V, Bài tập

Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động

1. My father waters this flower every morning.

2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.

3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.

4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.

5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.

6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.

7. Tom will visit his parents next month.

8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.

9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?

10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.

11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.

12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas.

13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.

14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.

15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the museum?

16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.

17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?

18. Are you going to repair those shoes?

19. He has broken his nose in a football match.

20. Have you finished the above sentences?

21. The waiter brings me this dish.

22. Our friends send these postcards to us.

23. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

24. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

25. You didn’t show me the special cameras.

26. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

27. He lends his friend his new shoes.

28. She left her relatives five million pounds.

29. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

30. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

31. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

32. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

33. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.

34. They keep this room tidy all the time.

35. They all voted the party a great success.

36. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

37. They moved the fridge into the living room.

38. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.

39. They find the new project worthless.

40. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.

41. I had my nephew paint the gate last week.

42. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.

43. They have her tell the story again.

44. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.

45. Anne had had a friend type her composition.

46. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.

47. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.

48. He had a mechanic repair his car.

49. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.

50. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.

51. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?

52. I must have the dentist check my teeth.

53. She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.

54. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.

55. The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.